State Laws · MN
Minnesota Gun Laws
Effective as of Various; most recent significant changes 2023 (Multiple bills including universal background checks and red flag law). Laws change — you should check for updates or consult with a licensed firearms trainer in your state before acting on this information.
Concealed Carry
Minnesota requires a Permit to Carry a Pistol for concealed carry, issued by the county sheriff. Minnesota is a shall-issue state. Applicants must complete a firearms training course approved by the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, be at least 21, and pass a background check. The permit is valid for five years.
Key statute: Minnesota Statutes § 624.714 — carrying of pistols, permit requirements.
Open Carry
Open carry is legal in Minnesota with a valid Permit to Carry. Without a permit, open carry is prohibited. The same permit covers both concealed and open carry.
Who Cannot Carry
Prohibited persons include: convicted felons (within 10 years for crimes of violence; lifetime for certain offenses), persons convicted of certain gross misdemeanors within the preceding three years, persons who are mentally ill and dangerous to the public, persons chemically dependent, minors under 21, and persons subject to an active order for protection.
Prohibited Locations
Minnesota prohibits carry in: schools and school grounds (with vehicle exceptions), childcare centers, courthouses (posted), state correctional facilities, federal buildings, and any private establishment with posted prohibition. Minnesota's list of prohibited locations is relatively short compared to many states.
Purchase Requirements
In 2023, Minnesota enacted universal background checks requiring a background check for all firearms transfers including private sales. Minnesota also enacted a red flag law (Extreme Risk Protection Order) in 2023. A Permit to Purchase or a Permit to Carry is required to buy a handgun or semi-automatic military-style assault weapon from any seller. There is no waiting period beyond permit processing, no state assault weapons ban (though a permit is required to purchase), and no magazine capacity restriction.
Citations
Minnesota Statutes Chapter 624 (firearms); 2023 Session Laws (universal background checks and red flag law).
Look up statutes at Minnesota Legislature →Legal disclaimer
This summary is for informational purposes only. Firearms laws change frequently. Always verify current statutes and consult a qualified attorney before making legal decisions.